United Nations

 United Nations

Introduction

○ international organization 
○ Founded in 1945.
○ 193 Member States (South Sudan in 2011) .
○ Headquarter -  New York City (Manhattan Island) .
○ Other main offices - Geneva, Nairobi, Vienna, and The Hague .

○ Its mission and work guided by the purposes and principles (उद्देश्यों और सिद्धांतों) contained in its ○ ○ ○ founding Charter and implemented by its various organs .

Activities

○ Maintaining international peace and security (अंतर्राष्ट्रीय शांति और सुरक्षा)
○ Protecting human rights (मानवाधिकारों की रक्षा करना)
○ Delivering humanitarian aid (मानवीय सहायता पहुंचाना)
○ Promoting sustainable development (सतत विकास को बढ़ावा देना)

○ Upholding international law.

History of UN Foundation

→ Forerunner - League of Nations 

→ An organization conceived in circumstances of the First World War.

→ Established in 1919 under the Treaty of Versailles.

→ To promote international cooperation and to achieve peace and security.

→ The UN was established after World War II with the aim of preventing future wars, succeeding the ineffective League of Nations.

→ On 25 April 1945, 50 governments met in San Francisco for a conference and started drafting the UN Charter, which was adopted on 25 June 1945 and took effect on 24 October 1945.

→ At its founding, the UN had 51 member states.

→ The UN Charter of 1945 is the foundational treaty of the United Nations, as an inter-governmental organization.

→ The name "United Nations", coined by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Organs

The UN System includes a multitude of specialized agencies, funds and programmes such as

○ World Bank Group
○ International Monetary Fund (IMF)
○ World Health Organization (WHO)
○ World Food Programme
○ UNESCO
○ UNICEF.
○ UNDP
○ UNEP
○ UN-Habitat
○ WFP
○ FAO
○ ICAO
○ IFAD
○ ILO
○ IMO
○ ITU
○ UNIDO
○ UNCTAD
○ UNODC
○ UNHCR
○ ESCAP